氢质子磁共振波谱在胶质瘤中的应用进展
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作者:刘会芝 刘志和 王梅云 李彦格 薛晓英 2 1HMRS在胶质瘤诊断和分级方面的价值 Lip峰也有助于辨别低、高级别脑胶质瘤。Negendank等[10]报道在41%的高级别脑胶质瘤中可见Lip峰,而低级别脑胶质瘤中出现的概率仅为16%,且Lip峰值差异有显著。Yerli等[11]最近报道,Cr有随着肿瘤级别的增加而减少的趋势,在Cho/Cr无增加的病例中最小NAA/Cr对肿瘤级别区分更有帮助。 3 1HMRS用于胶质瘤治疗后复发或残存与放射性脑坏死鉴别 4 MRS在胶质瘤浸润范围方面的价值 5 胶质瘤临床治疗疗效评价 5.1 放疗后疗效评价 大多数胶质瘤需行术后放疗或单纯根治性放疗。目前主要通CT或MRI检查判断治疗疗效,而大部分胶质瘤放疗后形态无明显改变,但1HMRS检查发现病变区内代谢物含量已有变化。蒋晓东等[20]报道,胶质瘤放疗后尽管肿瘤形态没有改变,但1HMRS波谱显示Cho、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA明显降低,说明放疗明显抑制了肿瘤生长。在随访中有8例复发,MRI增强扫描表现为肿块明显增大,Cho、Cho/NAA明显再度升高,而32例未见明显复发征象者,Cho、Cho/NAA均无明显上升。Cho可作为观察肿瘤生长的指标,肿瘤进展或复发表现Cho升高;放疗后Cho峰重度上升伴有可测到Cr峰提示肿瘤进展或复发;1HMRS评估颅内肿瘤放疗后有无残存、复发和放射性坏死方面的准确性要比常规MRI高,尤其是判断肿瘤是坏死还是复发更具有优越性。1HMRS可评估颅内肿瘤放疗后的代谢物变化,这些代谢变化对局部控制率有影响:Cho峰值下降越大,局部控制情况越好,并且可将Cho作为是否继续补量放疗的一个指标。但Alexander等[21]报道胶质瘤放疗4周Cho下降超过40%有不利预后或疾病进展。Lichy等[22]报道HMRSI在区别治疗相关反映和放疗后复发方面有更高的敏感性和特异性,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值为预测进展肿瘤与否的指标。Tarnawski等[23]报道放疗后瘤床Lac/NAA比值>2.0患者1年生存率为20%,而Lac/NAA比值<2的患者1年生存率为85%,因此MRS可用来推测胶质瘤的预后。Lazareff等[24]对10例脑肿瘤患儿治疗前后行连续代谢物成像技术(MRSI)检查,发现6例肿瘤体积减少者,肿瘤/正常脑组织的Cho比值下降并保持稳定,4例肿瘤进展者Cho比值明显升高,证实MRSI可以评估治疗效果和判断预后。另外,在照射野内的正常脑组织MRS也会发生变化,Esteve等[25]研究表明放疗后4个月内,正常脑组织的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cre比值出现下降,NAA峰值降低而Cho峰值上升,4个月以后各代谢物水平逐渐恢复正常。也有报道放疗后8月,MRS逐渐恢复到放疗前水平。 5.2 胶质瘤化疗后疗效判定 对高级别胶质瘤的新辅助化疗及胶质瘤放疗后复发的患者化疗疗效的评价除用CT或MRI外,有报道用1HMRS监测化疗后的肿瘤代谢变化。Lichy等[26]对胶质瘤立体定向放疗后复发的患者进行化疗前后MRS分析后发现,化疗后2个月Cho水平显著性降低,同时发现MRI肿瘤缩小,结果相一致。因此,MRS可用来评价胶质瘤化疗疗效。Dyke等[27]报道,2例高级别胶质瘤术后残腔内植入卡氮芥糯米纸胶囊剂后3~5周,MRS显示(与对侧相应部位正常脑组织比较)残腔周边区NAA/Cr增加和Cho/NAA降低,指出MRS有助于临床医生评估肿瘤缩小及对化学治疗的反应。Preul等[28]研究发现胶质瘤经过他莫昔芬治疗后其Lip峰和Lac峰明显下降,提示经过治疗后肿瘤的代谢水平降低。 【参考文献】 2 Gupta RK, Sinha U, Cloughesy TF, et al. 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