贝伐单抗在肿瘤临床治疗中的研究进展
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作者:崔斐, 李军, 罗荣城 基于IFL联合贝伐单抗(5 mg/kg)方案的Ⅲ期临床试验的结果,贝伐单抗于2004年2月26日获得美国FDA批准用于一线治疗晚期结直肠癌。不仅如此,在2005年1月27~29日召开的美国第二届胃肠道癌症研讨会上,科研人员又公布了2项贝伐单抗联合奥沙利铂方案治疗结直肠癌的Ⅲ期临床试验结果,这一成果是令人振奋的。 3.2 治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC) :非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约40%~50%患者在初诊时已有远道转移[13],有远道转移的NSCLC患者接受最佳支持治疗后的中位生存期仅4~5个月,1年生存率10%左右。 3.3 治疗肾癌:肾癌(Renal cell carcinoma,RCC)在我国泌尿系统肿瘤中占第二位,其发病率仅次于膀胱肿瘤,大多数肾癌患者首次就诊时已属晚期。肾癌对放疗及化疗多不敏感,手术根治是以往肾癌的主要治疗手段。用贝伐单抗阻断VEGF 及其下游通路在临床对于大多数的转移性肾透明细胞癌患者证明有效[22]。116名对细胞因子治疗不敏感的肾癌病人参加的Ⅱ期临床实验分别接受贝伐单抗3mg/kg、10mg/kg和安慰剂治疗,每2周重复1次,结果显示贝伐单抗高剂量组的疾病进展时间明显高于安慰剂组(4.8/2.5月),而且8个月内疾病无进展的病人的比例较高(30%/5%)。其中高剂量组中有4例PR。 在41届ASCO会议上公布了贝伐单抗与Tarceva联合应用治疗57例转移性肾透明细胞癌的Ⅱ期临床试验结果,截至目前反应率:PR 10例(25%),MR 6例(15%),SD 19例 (47%),PD 5 例 (12%)。27例在4.4月的中位随访时间后仍在继续治疗,71%的病人PFS达6个月,治疗有良好的耐受性。试验说明贝伐单抗+Tarceva对于肾转移性透明细胞癌患者有确切的疗效,两者合用疗效要好于任何一种单药[23] 。 3.4 治疗乳腺癌:Foekens等检测了845例乳腺癌患者VEGF的表达水平,发现VEGF高表达的患者对环磷酰胺(CTX)联合阿霉素(ADM),5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)化疗和环磷酞胺(CTX)联合甲氨喋吟(MTX),5-FU化疗(即CAF,CMF方案)以及三苯氧胺内分泌治疗易产生耐药。有研究显示,VEGF低表达者无病生存期(DFS)及总生存期(OS)长于高表达者。VEGF与患者的DFS有显著相关性,与淋巴结阳性和Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者的OS有显著相关性。研究资料证明VEGF无论在淋巴结阳性还是在淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者中,均可作为一项重要的预后指标。 3.5 治疗肝癌:肝癌是常见肿瘤,死亡率高,生存期短,多数患者在就诊时已进入晚期,已不适宜手术切除。肝癌是富血管癌,肝癌组织中VEGF和微血管密度(MVD)均显著升高[24],癌组织中VEGF的高表达多预示患者预后较差[25~27]。 在2006年ASCO会议胃肠道肿瘤论坛上,Schwartz等报道了使用贝伐单抗单药治疗不能手术的晚期原发性肝癌I期临床研究结果,24例中2例PR,17例稳定维持时间超过4个月,另外5例在16周内出现疾病进展,肿瘤控制率为80%,中位进展时间是6.4个月[28]。Zhu AX等报道了将健泽、草酸铂与贝伐单抗联合应用于原发性肝细胞癌的二期临床试验中,结果显示,可评价患者30例的总反应率为20%,27%患者SD,中位PFS为5.3个月,中位生存期为9.6个月,在3个月和6个月的PFS分别为70%和48%。副反应表现为治疗相关的3~4级的白细胞/中性粒细胞减少,短暂性转氨酶升高,高血压,疲乏等。研究者认为GEMOX-B联合贝伐单抗对晚期肝癌显示出一定的抗肿瘤活性,6个月的PFS率是令人鼓舞的,毒副作用也以耐受,值得进一步研究[29]。 3.6 治疗其他肿瘤:除以上肿瘤外,用贝伐单抗对间皮瘤的治疗,以及对胃癌的治疗[30]也正在临床试验中[31]。此外,其应用范围可能进一步扩大,包括前列腺癌、食管癌、头颈部肿瘤、腺癌、软组织肿瘤、卵巢癌、宫颈癌等。 4 安全评价 5 结论 【参考文献】 [2] Senger DR,Van de Water L,Brown LF,et al.Vascular permeability factor(VPF,VEGF) in tumor biology[J].Cancer Metastasis Rev,1993,12(3-4):303-324. 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